SEC 8-K filings / company releases
Primary-source corporate disclosures (self-reported by companies, not a news outlet)
Background
The SEC was created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Act requires public companies to disclose material information on an ongoing basis, and Form 8-K is the 'current report' used to announce major events between quarterly and annual reports. The SEC began electronic filing through EDGAR in the 1980s and made it mandatory for most companies in the mid-1990s. Regulation FD (2000) pushed companies to disclose material news broadly rather than to select analysts. Rules adopted after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) expanded the list of 8-K triggers, and in 2023 the SEC added a requirement to report material cybersecurity incidents. Most triggering events must be reported within four business days. They include mergers, executive departures, bankruptcy, auditor changes, and earnings results. Earnings press releases are usually attached as Exhibit 99.1 under Item 2.02. That information is 'furnished' rather than 'filed,' so it carries less legal liability. The legally required text is factual and standardized, but attached releases often use promotional language and adjusted (non-GAAP) figures that favor the company. Filings can omit context, be vague, or be timed to limit attention, such as late on a Friday. Readers should treat them as accurate records of what a company chose to disclose, not as independent reporting.
Sources
Profile compiled 2026-10-16; refreshed when ownership, funding, or the administration changes.